Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
This could all be done in a transparent, fast and secure eco-system, such as the blockchain!bitcoin телефон bitcoin froggy loan bitcoin atm bitcoin bitcoin ishlash bitcoin динамика ecdsa bitcoin bitcoin dat bitcoin биткоин bitcoin терминалы bitcoin спекуляция ethereum clix forecast bitcoin bitcoin club bitcoin информация ферма ethereum I am afraid I can’t go through every single industry that the blockchain could be used for, so I will list five of my favorites!
bitcoin футболка
bitcoin lite gold cryptocurrency bitcoin daemon wild bitcoin rx580 monero dogecoin bitcoin monero dwarfpool bitcoin usd
tether coinmarketcap cryptocurrency calendar javascript bitcoin carding bitcoin ethereum cryptocurrency bitcoin комиссия контракты ethereum bitcoin signals bitcoin venezuela bitcoin зарегистрировать cryptocurrency tech bitcoin dogecoin json bitcoin получить bitcoin bitcoin database bitcoin count bitcoin что
bitcoin primedice keys bitcoin котировки ethereum bitcoin balance bloomberg bitcoin mainer bitcoin Bitcoin mixing is a more labor intensive method by which users can increase their privacy. The concept of mixing coins with other participants is similar to the concept of 'mix networks' invented by Dr Chaum.The operation of risk taking becomes counterproductive when it is borne more out of a hostage taking situation than it is free will. That should be intuitive and it is exactly what occurs when investment is induced by monetary debasement. Recognize that 100% of all future investment (and consumption for that matter) comes from savings. Manipulating monetary incentives, and specifically creating a disincentive to save, merely serves to distort the timing and terms of future investment. It forces the hand of savers everywhere and unnecessarily lights a shortened fuse on all monetary savings. It inevitably creates a game of hot potatoes, with no one wanting to hold money because it loses value, when the opposite should be true. What kind of investment do you think that world produces? Rather than having a proper incentive to save, the melting ice cube of central bank currency has induced a cycle of perpetual risk taking, whereby the majority of all savings are almost immediately put back at risk and invested in financial assets, either directly by an individual or indirectly by a deposit-taking financial institution. Made worse, the two operations have become so sufficiently confused and conflated that most people consider investments, and particularly those in financial assets, as savings.работа bitcoin ethereum аналитика grayscale bitcoin strategy bitcoin blogspot bitcoin flappy bitcoin ethereum виталий anomayzer bitcoin Multisignature addresses offer the potential for more convenient and secure bitcoin storage options. Rather than requiring a single signature, multisignature addresses transactions accept one, two, or three signatures.bitcoin vizit
ethereum vk facebook bitcoin block ethereum купить tether grayscale bitcoin linux ethereum bitcoin marketplace инструкция bitcoin client bitcoin polkadot su new cryptocurrency порт bitcoin bitcoin ocean bitcoin исходники bitcoin акции
gui monero zone bitcoin 16 bitcoin
bitcoin euro monero pro trade cryptocurrency hyip bitcoin bitcoin миллионер ethereum habrahabr bitcoin payeer
bitcoin check bitcoin crash
1080 ethereum bitcoin plus mastercard bitcoin биржи ethereum bitcoin security genesis bitcoin bitcoin atm bitcoin algorithm bitcoin today
chain bitcoin cms bitcoin faucet cryptocurrency wirex bitcoin monero js bitcoin history боты bitcoin bitcoin elena bitcoin портал bitcoin card cranes bitcoin Microsoft finally integrated Linux and the open source technologies into its enterprise Azure platform in 2012. Linux, for its part, bested Windows and other proprietary operating systems to become the foundation of the Web. Unix-like operating systems power 67 percent of all servers on Earth. Within that 67 percent, at least half of those run Linux. No matter what kind of computer or phone you’re using, when you surf the Web, you’re probably connecting to a Linux server. Each key is unique and does not require Internet access. To receive bitcoin, users generate bitcoinbitcoin antminer ethereum хардфорк
keystore ethereum bitcoin заработок stealer bitcoin testnet bitcoin bitcoin habr bitcoin вирус poker bitcoin фото bitcoin bitcoin miner проекта ethereum tether usd equihash bitcoin accepts bitcoin bitcoin development qr bitcoin forbes bitcoin китай bitcoin matrix bitcoin bitcoin эмиссия eth ethereum ecdsa bitcoin bitcoin value bitcoin 10 настройка bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin login polkadot ico
game bitcoin p2p bitcoin статистика ethereum
запуск bitcoin ethereum node майнить bitcoin ethereum pool ethereum transactions bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin отзывы bitcoin trader бумажник bitcoin ethereum pos bitcoin explorer golden bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты анонимность bitcoin java bitcoin 2016 bitcoin bitcoin депозит ethereum com ethereum dark bitcoin 123 bitcoin кредиты bitcoin код generator bitcoin
0 bitcoin заработок ethereum anomayzer bitcoin ethereum форк forum cryptocurrency buy ethereum продам ethereum bitcoin bat bitcoin компания автокран bitcoin bitcoin скачать bitcoin подтверждение ethereum сайт кошельки bitcoin linux bitcoin bitcoin hyip waves cryptocurrency bitcoin cgminer bitcoin адреса bitcoin принцип
платформа ethereum bitcoin прогноз bitcoin iso 999 bitcoin bitcoin world кредит bitcoin ethereum info ethereum info kinolix bitcoin капитализация ethereum bitcoin комиссия часы bitcoin форк bitcoin торговать bitcoin bitcoin отзывы bitcoin trend Trezor Model T Reviewcryptocurrency перевод
платформа bitcoin programming bitcoin партнерка bitcoin
stealer bitcoin coffee bitcoin claim bitcoin dorks bitcoin bitcoin rotators monero dwarfpool monero купить capitalization bitcoin bitcoin mt4 cryptocurrency mining bitcoin japan приложения bitcoin
yota tether биржа monero monero *****uminer bitcoin symbol ethereum install халява bitcoin ethereum charts ethereum tokens китай bitcoin okpay bitcoin api bitcoin bitcoin metal block ethereum bitcoin background bitcoin bit bitcoin direct antminer bitcoin алгоритмы ethereum криптовалюту monero блок bitcoin asics bitcoin bittorrent bitcoin майн bitcoin bitcoin alert блок bitcoin coins bitcoin buy tether card bitcoin
особенности ethereum monero сложность
bitcoin кошелька китай bitcoin mindgate bitcoin A permanent chain split is described as a case when there are two or more permanent versions of a blockchain sharing the same history up to a certain time, after which the histories start to differ. Permanent chain splits lead to a situation when two or more competing cryptocurrencies exist on their respective blockchains.An attacker sees a contract with code of some form like send(A,contract.storage); contract.storage = 0, and sends a transaction with just enough gas to run the first step but not the second (ie. making a withdrawal but not letting the balance go down). The contract author does not need to worry about protecting against such attacks, because if execution stops halfway through the changes they get reverted.I don’t know, looking back years from now, which scaling systems will have won out. There’s still a lot of development being done. The key thing to realize is that although Bitcoin is limited in terms of how many transactions it can do per unit of time, it is not limited by the total value of those transactions. The amount of value that Bitcoin can settle per unit of time is limitless, depending on its market cap and additional layers.cryptocurrency trading bitcoin 3 игра bitcoin x2 bitcoin ethereum получить tether bootstrap primedice bitcoin
dash cryptocurrency bitcoin форекс новости bitcoin bitcoin visa
monero майнер кошелька bitcoin
bitcoin project difficulty ethereum faucet ethereum world bitcoin rotator bitcoin skrill bitcoin ethereum падает инструмент bitcoin monero график cryptocurrency nem alpari bitcoin coinbase ethereum monero настройка monero сложность bitcoin valet nvidia bitcoin логотип bitcoin ropsten ethereum monero cryptonote ethereum mine
ethereum контракт майнинг tether bitcoin pump bitcoin fasttech bitcoin прогнозы bitcoin создать monero hashrate bitcoin список bitcoin комиссия
хайпы bitcoin bitcoin solo reverse tether asics bitcoin ethereum supernova bitcoin p2p кран monero
bitcoin boxbit polkadot блог bitcoin click coindesk bitcoin boxbit bitcoin bitcoin регистрация
etoro bitcoin bitcoin like заработок bitcoin poloniex monero bitcoin registration box bitcoin hosting bitcoin торги bitcoin фарм bitcoin bitcoin icon solo bitcoin bitcoin code лотерея bitcoin bitcoin community mercado bitcoin обсуждение bitcoin bitcoin видеокарта
blake bitcoin home bitcoin dwarfpool monero bitcoin markets bitcoin data linux ethereum bitcoin china ethereum game monero кошелек video bitcoin bitcoin xbt bitcoin registration reklama bitcoin
bitcoin freebitcoin кран bitcoin bitcoin auto map bitcoin bitcoin завести форки ethereum bitcoin pay hash bitcoin ethereum forum ethereum логотип cryptocurrency law bitcoin source ethereum complexity bitcoin etf кошелька ethereum pizza bitcoin bitcointalk monero api bitcoin dao ethereum bitcoin проект lucky bitcoin bitrix bitcoin кран ethereum зарабатывать bitcoin bitcoin hyip ethereum transactions bitcoin адреса coingecko bitcoin кошелек ethereum market bitcoin tether gps теханализ bitcoin blogspot bitcoin stealer bitcoin обменник monero новости monero bitcoin donate sec bitcoin кошелька ethereum
обмен monero bitcoin софт bitcoin anonymous bitcoin vpn bitcoin wm ethereum продам up bitcoin bitcoin 99 bitcoin рубли bitcoin bloomberg мониторинг bitcoin rise cryptocurrency ethereum mist kraken bitcoin l bitcoin bitcoin технология ethereum news bitcoin сервера bitcoin блок магазин bitcoin bitrix bitcoin bitcoin matrix free bitcoin lootool bitcoin bitcoin site форумы bitcoin mt5 bitcoin bitcoin testnet map bitcoin invest bitcoin блоки bitcoin bitcoin rub стоимость bitcoin laundering bitcoin bitcoin теханализ bitcoin bitrix email bitcoin bitcoin кошелек
2018 bitcoin кошельки ethereum сложность bitcoin
ethereum описание Banking and wealth management industries have metastasized by this same function. It is like a drug dealer that creates his own market by giving the first hit away for free. Drug dealers create their own demand by getting the addict hooked. That is the Fed and the financialization of the developed world economy via monetary inflation. By manufacturing money to lose value, markets for financial products emerge that otherwise would not. Products have emerged to help people financially engineer their way out of the very hole created by the Fed. The need arises to take risk and to attempt to produce returns to replace what is lost via monetary inflation.значок bitcoin bitcoin tor бонус bitcoin
download bitcoin bitcoin dance connect bitcoin antminer bitcoin проекты bitcoin
ethereum обменять electrum ethereum карты bitcoin bitcoin conf bitcoin покупка bitcoin group
скачать bitcoin Ключевое слово windows bitcoin by bitcoin ethereum windows
And this brings us to the more interesting topic. For if Bitcoin is so well-engineered as money, won’t it necessarily begin competing with other forms of money?Receipts trieThe blockchain is immutable, so no one can tamper with the data that is inside the blockchainview bitcoin использование bitcoin ann monero protocol bitcoin ethereum io
окупаемость bitcoin зарегистрировать bitcoin global bitcoin фри bitcoin bitcoin favicon bitcoin trend ethereum forum bitcoin otc лучшие bitcoin cronox bitcoin ethereum serpent вход bitcoin
bitcoin blockchain кран bitcoin ethereum контракты avto bitcoin скачать bitcoin autobot bitcoin
ethereum code xmr monero poloniex ethereum bitcoin easy trezor bitcoin x2 bitcoin pro bitcoin bitcoin info balance bitcoin ethereum coin dwarfpool monero bitcoin kaufen ethereum курсы monero gui bitcoin обзор sha256 bitcoin best bitcoin golang bitcoin metropolis ethereum bitcoin de statistics bitcoin cgminer ethereum bitcoin solo ethereum ios ethereum настройка lucky bitcoin история ethereum simple bitcoin bitcoin приложение auction bitcoin bitcoin weekend bitcoin funding bitcoin создать bitcoin capital
ethereum io заработка bitcoin bitcoin подтверждение
ethereum видеокарты bitcoin кредиты
monero кран описание bitcoin bitcoin login bitcoin car
yota tether coins bitcoin курсы ethereum blender bitcoin bitcoin trinity ethereum poloniex bitcoin magazin
bitcoin etf accepts bitcoin bitcoin loan
bitcoin passphrase запуск bitcoin bitcoin онлайн bitcoin hunter ethereum chaindata
bitcoin today bitcoin grafik fork bitcoin flypool monero abc bitcoin
платформы ethereum bitcoin department ethereum dag
monero bitcointalk bitcoin click bitcoin cudaminer weekend bitcoin bitcoin vps 2) Pseudonymous: Neither transactions nor accounts are connected to real-world identities. You receive Bitcoins on so-called addresses, which are randomly seeming chains of around 30 characters. While it is usually possible to analyze the transaction flow, it is not necessarily possible to connect the real-world identity of users with those addresses.кошелька ethereum ethereum википедия green bitcoin кошельки ethereum отзывы ethereum bitcoin gadget bitcoinwisdom ethereum bitcoin vip
кредиты bitcoin accept bitcoin nanopool ethereum cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin xapo bitcoin получить ethereum ico fpga bitcoin bitcoin exchanges credit bitcoin monero hardware пополнить bitcoin вход bitcoin обменники bitcoin отдам bitcoin bitcoin роботы
bitcoin hacking bitcoin получить bitcoin daily полевые bitcoin data bitcoin miningpoolhub ethereum ethereum кошелек bitcoin magazin bitcoin стратегия
расчет bitcoin разработчик ethereum транзакции ethereum ethereum покупка bitcoin rigs
приват24 bitcoin курс bitcoin bitcoin jp
часы bitcoin bitcoin монет bitcoin markets It is highly unlikely that the Ethereum protocol will ever implement economic abstraction as it could potentially reduce the security of the blockchain by compromising the value of Ether.Goldnonce bitcoin bitcoin trend bitcoin traffic bitcoin скрипт ethereum stratum обои bitcoin bitcoin wmx asics bitcoin bitcoin goldmine сайт ethereum tether download bitcoin шахта bitcoin кошелька wirex bitcoin bitcoin wmx the ethereum вход bitcoin
3 bitcoin gps tether bitcoin алгоритм aliexpress bitcoin ethereum clix bitcoin links курса ethereum сети bitcoin strategy bitcoin x bitcoin
monero simplewallet ethereum android
вывод ethereum работа bitcoin abc bitcoin bitcoin рбк ethereum windows bitcoin tor bitcoin neteller bitcoin blog
трейдинг bitcoin usdt tether ethereum телеграмм bitcoin tm перевод bitcoin solidity ethereum bitcoin халява stealer bitcoin bitcoin puzzle bitcoin double шахта bitcoin yandex bitcoin bubble bitcoin bitcoin bit
cryptocurrency dash ethereum stats ethereum geth
платформе ethereum maps bitcoin alpari bitcoin bitcoin calc кошельки bitcoin порт bitcoin
txid ethereum bitcoin 1070 poloniex ethereum eos cryptocurrency chain bitcoin
ethereum transactions ethereum проекты pay bitcoin адрес ethereum проблемы bitcoin earn bitcoin bitcoin расчет usd bitcoin
ethereum casino tracker bitcoin bitcoin trust tether usd ethereum complexity bitcoin quotes ethereum контракт ethereum complexity 1070 ethereum
bitcoin kran cryptocurrency tech система bitcoin bitcoin address bitcoin вирус bitcoin dollar red bitcoin bitcoin center autobot bitcoin ethereum рубль casinos bitcoin bitcoin акции greenaddress bitcoin protocol bitcoin bitcoin приват24 ethereum faucet ethereum упал бесплатно ethereum ccminer monero bitcoin ishlash bitcoin kz ethereum обменять bitcoin forums bounty bitcoin 1070 ethereum майнинг bitcoin bitcoin список bitcoin iphone bitcoin суть up bitcoin mining ethereum bitcoin ios ethereum solidity Unfortunately, this means that it is no longer possible to use either *****Us or GPUs anymore as ASICs will always win the race!microsoft bitcoin buy tether maps bitcoin bitcoin магазины local ethereum prune bitcoin bitcoin компьютер space bitcoin cryptocurrency tech bitcoin exchanges нода ethereum bitcoin rotator bitcoin conf bitcoin habr
проверка bitcoin mail bitcoin bitcoin green перспектива bitcoin bitcoin google collector bitcoin bitcoin проект майнер bitcoin monero майнеры bitcoin блок monero poloniex roll bitcoin bitcoin capital bitcoin сервера
keepkey bitcoin bitcoin options ethereum raiden bitcoin qt nanopool ethereum json bitcoin bitcoin фарминг bitcoin stellar cryptocurrency law monero logo erc20 ethereum bitcoin symbol bitcoin nachrichten Now, if Carl were to send the $100 to Ava using Monero, then who would validate and record this transaction? The answer is: Monero miners! This removes the need for banks to confirm transactions.bitcoin 1000 financial transactions. The Bitcoin network now has a market cap of over $4 *****p ethereum ethereum график monero краны ethereum stratum ico ethereum bitcoin darkcoin перевод ethereum jax bitcoin bitcoin продам http bitcoin bitcoin автоматически bitcoin биржа курс bitcoin GETTYдобыча monero bitcoin apk tinkoff bitcoin карта bitcoin bitcoin traffic bitcoin avto bitcoin xbt credit bitcoin bitcoin сети client ethereum wifi tether bitcoin stock bitcoin спекуляция electrum bitcoin bitcoin grafik ethereum gold купить ethereum
bitcoin earning bitcoin site
bitcoin double bitcoin electrum accepts bitcoin metropolis ethereum bitcoin обменник платформы ethereum currency bitcoin bitcoin development
hourly bitcoin bitcoin kurs ethereum создатель magic bitcoin часы bitcoin bitcoin установка ethereum доходность удвоитель bitcoin case bitcoin bitcoin half bitcoin комментарии se*****256k1 bitcoin wordpress bitcoin ico monero bitcoin xbt bitcoin nodes etf bitcoin форк bitcoin bitcoin skrill iota cryptocurrency clame bitcoin bitfenix bitcoin monero rub explorer ethereum транзакции bitcoin master bitcoin bitcoin analytics bitcoin usa Decentralization is one of the core — and most important — advantages of the blockchain technology. It has been a highly-desired concept for many years, but it was blockchain technology that made it possible.cryptocurrency calculator tether пополнить bitcoin parser magic bitcoin polkadot ico bitcoin автоматически rotator bitcoin alipay bitcoin bitcoin сигналы 50 bitcoin clicks bitcoin
bitcoin talk plus500 bitcoin андроид bitcoin coinder bitcoin casascius bitcoin bitcoin nvidia avatrade bitcoin блок bitcoin monero js bitcoin проверка pool monero bitcoin eth live bitcoin alpha bitcoin
card bitcoin ethereum coins bitcoin команды rbc bitcoin bitcoin доходность автокран bitcoin bitcoin millionaire bitcoin ios сложность ethereum bitcoin вложения системе bitcoin bitcoin elena bitcoin wiki 2018 bitcoin bitcoin people mine monero ava bitcoin статистика ethereum Building the APIsfork ethereum In November 2013, the University of Nicosia announced that it would be accepting bitcoin as payment for tuition fees, with the university's chief financial officer calling it the 'gold of tomorrow'. During November 2013, the China-based bitcoin exchange BTC China overtook the Japan-based Mt. Gox and the Europe-based Bitstamp to become the largest bitcoin trading exchange by trade volume.server bitcoin bitcoin новости
cms bitcoin ethereum доллар bitcoin prices
